Sabine Weiss was born in Duisburg in 1958. After receiving her higher education entrance qualification (Abitur) she studied law at the Ruhr University Bochum and, from 1989, worked as a lawyer, first in Duisburg-Hamborn and later in Dinslaken. From 1999 to 2009, she was the directly elected mayor of the city of Dinslaken. In 2009, she was elected directly to the German Bundestag for the Wesel I constituency. From 2014, she was deputy chairperson of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group. On 15 March 2018, Sabine Weiss was appointed Parliamentary State Secretary to the Federal Minister of Health.
Sabine Weiss has been a member of the CDU since 1980, serving initially as the chairperson of the Obermarxloh local group of the Duisberg CDU and as the deputy chairperson of the Duisburg Women’s Union. From 1989, she was the chair of the CDU group in the Hamborn City Council and, also from 1989 to 1998, a member of the Hamborn district council, where she served as the chairperson of the CDU group. In 1998 she transferred to the CDU in Dinslaken. From 2010 to 2016, Sabine Weiss was the chairperson of the Women's Union in the Wesel county chapter. Since 2012 she has been a member of the CDU Federal Executive Board, and since 2016 chairperson of the CDU Wesel county chapter.