The Lancet Global Health Oxygen Commission was announced in September 2022 to shed light onto the number of patients needing medical oxygen each year and the cost of meeting that need, how to define and measure oxygen access, which oxygen solutions work best in different settings, and how to generate the financing and political will to achieve transformational change. The Commission is addressing all levels of care from hospital to home, all age groups from neonates to the elderly, all health conditions where oxygen is a recommended treatment, and all the ways in which access to oxygen can contribute to health system strengthening and pandemic preparedness. The Commission is led by 20 Commissioners and guided by a team of 40 Advisors and an Executive Committee, including representatives from Makerere University, Uganda, icddr,b, Bangladesh, the University of Melbourne and the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Australia, and Karolinska Institutet, Sweden — with support from the Every Breath Counts Coalition.